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"Woodford, Chris"
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Reply Letters and emails: How to tackle the rising tide of litter in filthy Britain
While I agree that \"This is the perfect time of year for a national spring clean\", does Jeremy Paxman realise just how many voluntary organisations already do spontaneously pluck litter from our...
Newspaper Article
Gravity : investigating the force, mass, and attraction of physical bodies
A look at various theories throughout history about gravity.
Book
Can post-mortem CT and angiography provide all the answers?
We commend Guy Rutty and colleagues on their Article (July 8, p 145)1 recommending the use of post-mortem imaging at autopsy. A fundamental role of the pathologist is to assist the coroner in fulfilling their statutory duty in establishing the cause and circumstances of death. How precise that cause of death needs to be depends on the requirements of the relevant legislation.
Journal Article
Identifying lineage effects when controlling for population structure improves power in bacterial association studies
Bacteria pose unique challenges for genome-wide association studies because of strong structuring into distinct strains and substantial linkage disequilibrium across the genome(1,2). Although methods developed for human studies can correct for strain structure(3,4), this risks considerable loss-of-power because genetic differences between strains often contribute substantial phenotypic variability(5). Here, we propose a new method that captures lineage-level associations even when locus-specific associations cannot be fine-mapped. We demonstrate its ability to detect genes and genetic variants underlying resistance to 17 antimicrobials in 3,144 isolates from four taxonomically diverse clonal and recombining bacteria: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Strong selection, recombination and penetrance confer high power to recover known antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and reveal a candidate association between the outer membrane porin nmpC and cefazolin resistance in E. coli. Hence, our method pinpoints locus-specific effects where possible and boosts power by detecting lineage-level differences when fine-mapping is intractable.
Journal Article
Psychological interventions to improve psychological well-being in people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment: systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
IntroductionDementia and mild cognitive impairment are associated with an increased risk of depression, anxiety, psychological distress and poor mental health-related quality of life. However, there is a lack of research examining the evidence base for psychological interventions targeting general psychological well-being within this population. Furthermore, there is little research relating to the design of randomised controlled trials examining psychological interventions for dementia and mild cognitive impairment, such as effective recruitment techniques, trial eligibility and appropriate comparators.Methods and analysisSystematic review of electronic databases (CINAHL; EMBASE; PsychInfo; MEDLINE; ASSIA and CENTRAL), supplemented by expert contact, reference and citation checking, and grey literature searches. Published and unpublished studies will be eligible for inclusion with no limitations placed on year of publication. Primary outcomes of interest will be standardised measurements of depression, anxiety, psychological distress or mental health-related quality of life. Eligibility and randomisation proportions will be calculated as secondary outcomes. If data permits, meta-analytical techniques will examine: (1) overall effectiveness of psychological interventions for people with dementia or mild cognitive impairment in relation to outcomes of depression, anxiety, psychological distress or mental health-related quality of life; (2) clinical and methodological moderators associated with effectiveness; (3) proportions eligible, recruited and randomised.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval is not required for the present systematic review. Results will inform the design of a feasibility study examining a new psychological intervention for people with dementia and depression, with dissemination through publication in peer-reviewed journals and presentations at relevant conferences.Trial registration numberCRD42015025177.
Journal Article
